Overview General biological features of the South Atlantic Gb. 1 Introduction Gb. 2 Biogeography (1) Gb. 3 Biogeography (2) Gb. 4 Biogeography (3) Gb. 5 Biological characteristics Gb. 6 General remarks on seasonality, biomass and diversity in the pelagic domain of the South Atlantic Gb. 7 The distribution of biomass Gb. 8 Patterns of distribution of zooplanktonic species Gb. 9 The western South Atlantic Gb.10 The western South Atlantic: Northern Brazil Gb.11 The western South Atlantic: Central Brazil Gb.12 The western South Atlantic: Southern Brazil Gb.13 The western South Atlantic: Rio de la Plata estuary Gb.14 The western South Atlantic: Argentinian coastal and offshore waters Gb.15 The tropical and subtropical eastern South Atlantic Gb.16 The tropical and subtropical eastern South Atlantic: Eastern tropical South Atlantic Gb.17 Coastal area between 0 and 20°S (chiefly Guinea Current) Gb.18 Coastal area between Cape Lopez and Cape Frio Gb.19 Cape Lopez thermohaline front Gb.20 Zooplankton communities 1 Gb.21 The influence of the Congo river Gb.22 The Cape Frio thermohaline front Gb.23 Coastal area between 20 and 34°S (Benguela Current) Gb.24 Phytoplankton Gb.25 Zooplankton Processes Gb.26 Zooplankton communities 2 Gb.27 East Africa coastal Gb.28 Phytoplankton Gb.29 Zooplankton processes and communities Foraminifera Fo. 1 Introduction Fo. 2 Methods Fo. 3 Distribution Fo. 4 Acknowledgements Fo. 5 Suggested reading Fo. 6 Taxonomy and identification Acantharia Ac. 1 Introduction Ac. 2 Methods Ac. 3 Distribution Ac. 4 Morphology Ac. 5 Acknowledgments Ac. 6 Suggested reading Radiolaria Polycystina RaPo. 1 Introduction RaPo. 2 Provenance and collection of materials RaPo. 3 Sample preparation and analysis RaPo. 4 Sedimentary versus water-column materials RaPo. 5 Geographic patterns RaPo. 6 Vertical profiles RaPo. 7 Morphology and classification systems RaPo. 8 Order and family-level diagnoses RaPo. 9 Acknowledgments RaPo. 10 Suggested reading Radiolaria Phaeodaria RaPh. 1 Introduction RaPh. 2 Geographic and vertical distribution RaPh. 3 Morphology and classification system RaPh. 4 Suggested reading Ciliophora Ci. 1 Introduction Ci. 2 Provenance and collection of materials Ci. 3 Sample preparation and analysis Ci. 4 Geographic and vertical distribution Ci. 5 Geographic patterns Ci. 6 Vertical profiles Ci. 7 Classification systems Ci. 8 Identification of the species Ci. 9 Suggested reading Tintinnoinea Ti. 1 Introduction Ti. 2 Morphologic outline Ti. 3 Feeding Ti. 4 Reproduction Ti. 5 Methods Ti. 6 Geographic worldwide patterns Ti. 7 Geographic patterns in the Southwestern Atlantic Ti. 8 Abundance patterns Ti. 9 Vertical distribution Ti. 10 Taxonomy Ti. 11 Identification of the taxa Ti. 12 Selected synonymic references for the taxa treated Ti. 13 Selected synonymic references for the taxa treated (Part 1: A-E) Ti. 14 Selected synonymic references for the taxa treated (Part 2: E-X) Ti. 15 Classification scheme based on morphologically similar groups of species Ti. 16 Suggested reading Hydromedusae Hy. 1 Introduction Hy. 2 Collection of material Hy. 3 Fixation and preservation Hy. 4 Geographic distribution Hy. 5 General morphology Hy. 6 Suggested reading Siphonophorae Si. 1 Introduction Si. 2 Methods Si. 3 Geographical and vertical distribution Si. 4 Morphology Si. 5 Identification Si. 6 Suggested reading Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae Cu./Sc. 1 Introduction Cu./Sc. 2 Methods Cu./Sc. 3 Geographic and vertical distribution Cu./Sc. 4 Taxonomy Cu./Sc. 5 Glossary of terms Cu./Sc. 6 Acknowledgements Cu./Sc. 7 Suggested reading Ctenophora Ct. 1 Introduction Ct. 2 Methods Ct. 3 Geographic distribution Ct. 4 Taxonomy Ct. 5 Acknowledgements Ct. 6 Suggested reading Nemertina Ne. 1 Introduction Ne. 2 Methods Ne. 3 Geographic patterns Ne. 4 Vertical profiles and hydrographic data Ne. 5 Identification of pelagic nemertines Ne. 6 Morphological and anatomical features Ne. 7 Suggested reading Polychaeta Po. 1 Introduction Po. 2 Methods Po. 3 Geographic distribution Po. 4 Morphology Po. 5 Systematics and identification Po. 6 Suggested reading Heteropoda He. 1 Introduction He. 2 Methods He. 3 Geographic and vertical distribution - General patterns He. 4 Distribution in the South Atlantic Ocean He. 5 Characters of taxonomic importance He. 6 Acknowledgements He. 7 Suggested reading Pteropoda Pt. 1 Introduction Pt. 2 Sampling Pt. 3 Preservation and collections Pt. 4 World wide distribution patterns Pt. 5 Vertical patterns and migration Pt. 6 Distribution in the South Atlantic Pt. 7 Variation Pt. 8 Suggested reading Cephalopoda Ce. 1 General characteristics of planktonic cephalopods Ce. 2 Collection Ce. 3 Fixation and preservation Ce. 4 Geographic and vertical distribution Ce. 5 Morphological characteristics of planktonic Cephalopoda Ce. 6 Identification Ce. 7 Tables Ce. 8 Suggested reading Ctenopoda and Onychopoda (= Cladocera) Cl. 1 Introduction Cl. 2 Reproduction and life-history Cl. 3 Food and feeding habits Cl. 4 Prospects of future work Cl. 5 Collection and preservation of plankton samples Cl. 6 Collection and sorting of benthic resting eggs Cl. 7 Measurement Cl. 8 Geographic distribution in the South Atlantic Cl. 9 Oceanic distribution Cl. 10 Vertical distribution and migrations Cl. 11 Distributional patterns Cl. 12 General morphology Cl. 13 Classification Cl. 14 Acknowledgements Cl. 15 Suggested reading Ostracoda Os. 1 Introduction Os. 2 Methods Os. 3 Zoogeography and vertical distribution Os. 4 Morphology Os. 5 Identification Os. 6 Outline classification Os. 7 Suggested reading Copepoda Co. 1 Introduction Co. 2 External morphology Co. 3 Reproduction and development Co. 4 Feeding and feeding modes Co. 5 Methods Co. 6 Distribution Co. 7 Horizontal distribution Co. 8 Vertical distribution Co. 9 Use of the Key Co.10 Acknowledgements Co.11 Suggested reading Co.12 Tables. Morphometric and distributional data for the species treated Mysidacea My. 1 Introduction My. 2 Sampling methods My. 3 Habitats and geographic patterns My. 4 Vertical distribution and migrations My. 5 South Atlantic Mysids My. 6 General morphology and main diagnostic features My. 7 Outline classification and suprageneric taxa My. 8 Suggested reading Amphipoda Am.1 Introduction Am.2 Methods Am.3 Geographic and vertical distribution Am.4 Geographic and vertical distribution Am.5 Geographic and vertical distribution Am.6 General morphology Am.7 Suggested reading Euphausiacea Eu. 1 Introduction Eu. 2 Biomass Eu. 3 Ingestion Eu. 4 Production Eu. 5 Distribution Eu. 6 Zoogeography Eu. 7 Diversity Eu. 8 Horizontal distribution Eu. 9 Abundance Eu. 10 Identification and taxonomy Eu. 11 Adults Eu. 12 Euphausiid morphology Eu. 13 Euphausiid species of the South Atlantic Eu. 14 Eggs and larvae Eu. 15 Morphology of larval development Eu. 16 Identification of larvae Eu. 17 Characters used in identification of larvae Eu. 18 Acknowledgements Eu. 19 Suggested reading Brachyura larvae Bl. 1 Introduction Bl. 2 Field collection Bl. 3 Laboratory rearing Bl. 4 Examination Bl. 5 Identification Bl. 6 Geographic and bathymetric distribution Bl. 7 Recognition of the main decapod larval forms Bl. 8 Zoeal phase Bl. 9 The megalopa Bl.10 Key to recognize zoeal larvae of major decapod groups Bl.11 Identification of first zoea of Brachyura Bl.12 Identification of megalopa of Brachyura Bl.13 Acknowledgements Bl.14 Suggested reading Chaetognatha Ch. 1 Introduction Ch. 2 Methods Ch. 3 Geographic distribution Ch. 4 Vertical distribution Ch. 5 Morphology Ch. 6 Systematics Ch. 7 Outline classification Ch. 8 Key for the identification of genera and species Ch. 9 Suggested reading Appendicularia Ap.1 Introduction Ap.2 Geographic and vertical distribution Ap.3 Taxonomy Ap.4 Diagnostic morphological features Ap.5 Suggested reading Pyrosomatida Py.1 Introduction Py.2 Geographic and vertical distribution Py.3 Taxonomy and identification Py.4 Suggested reading Doliolida Do.1 Introduction Do.2 Geographic and vertical distribution Do.3 Taxonomy Do.4 Suggested reading Salpida Sa.1 Introduction Sa.2 Geographic and vertical distribution Sa.3 Taxonomy Sa.4 General morphology Sa.5 Suggested reading Fish larvae Fi.1 Introduction Fi.2 Sampling Fi.3 Laboratory techniques and terminology Fi.4 Geographic distribution and abundance Fi.5 Vertical distribution
General biological features of the South Atlantic
General biological features of the South Atlantic
By Demetrio Boltovskoy, Mark Gibbons, Lawrence Hutchings and Denis Binet Contents Gb. 1 Introduction Gb. 2 Biogeography (1) Gb. 3 Biogeography (2) Gb. 4 Biogeography (3) Gb. 5 Biological characteristics Gb. 6 General remarks on seasonality, biomass and diversity in the pelagic domain of the South Atlantic Gb. 7 The distribution of biomass Gb. 8 Patterns of distribution of zooplanktonic species Gb. 9 The western South Atlantic Gb.10 The western South Atlantic: Northern Brazil Gb.11 The western South Atlantic: Central Brazil Gb.12 The western South Atlantic: Southern Brazil Gb.13 The western South Atlantic: Rio de la Plata estuary Gb.14 The western South Atlantic: Argentinian coastal and offshore waters Gb.15 The tropical and subtropical eastern South Atlantic Gb.16 The tropical and subtropical eastern South Atlantic: Eastern tropical South Atlantic Gb.17 Coastal area between 0 and 20°S (chiefly Guinea Current) Gb.18 Coastal area between Cape Lopez and Cape Frio Gb.19 Cape Lopez thermohaline front Gb.20 Zooplankton communities 1 Gb.21 The influence of the Congo river Gb.22 The Cape Frio thermohaline front Gb.23 Coastal area between 20 and 34°S (Benguela Current) Gb.24 Phytoplankton Gb.25 Zooplankton Processes Gb.26 Zooplankton communities 2 Gb.27 East Africa coastal Gb.28 Phytoplankton Gb.29 Zooplankton processes and communities
