(Romanes, 1876)

Description
Umbrella only slightly flatter than a hemisphere [Eutonina indicans ], jelly rather thick. Velum narrow, ca 1/10 bell radius.
Stomach short, situated on broad and elongate conical gastric peduncle reaching only a little beyond umbrella. Mouth with four folded lips [E.indicans-habitus ].
Radial canals four, extending along gastric peduncle; they and ring canal narrow. No lateral cirri. Eight closed adradial marginal vesicles each with ca 12 concretions.
Young specimens: E.indicans-juvenile.

Size
Diameter of umbrella when fully grown ca 25-35 mm; gonads starting 1.25-3.5 mm from base of peduncle in Atlantic specimens (Russell, 1953a); distal end 1.0-1.5 mm from margin.

Colour
Stomach, gonads and marginal tentacle bases bright sepia, with dark pigment on tentacle bases and along dorsal surfaces of grooves in roof of stomach.

Ecology
Medusa recorded from May-September around the British Isles (Russell, 1953a).

Depth range
Coastal plankton; the species may be taken at the surface during daylight. Since the medusa can live for more than 100 days, it might be found far from shallow waters.

Distribution around the British Isles
Medusa reported from several localities in (Russell, 1953a; Howe, 1959; J. H. Fraser, 1972), regularly Clyde though hydroid not located (C. Edwards, 1968, and in Russell, 1970a), and Fair Isle (McMillan, 1986).

Distribution in the North Sea
Northern North Sea off NE and SE Scotland and Northumberland; southern and eastern North Sea; Skagerrak and Kattegat, extends into the Baltic Sea at least to the Sound of Fehmarn, near Kiel Bay.

World distribution
NE Atlantic Ocean from the southern North Sea, north to Iceland and mid-Norway (Kramp, 1961, and other sources); also recorded from Alaska and the Pacific coast of Canada (Arai and Brinckmann-Voss, 1980, many records) and California (Rees, 1978), and from the Kurile Islands, Kamtchatka and Japan (Kramp, 1961; Naumov, 1969; Arai and Brinckmann-Voss, 1980). Also reported from India.

Remark
Hydroid only known from culture.

[After Cornelius, 1995a]

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Superclass Hydrozoa
Class Leptolida
Subclass Leptothecatae
Order Conica
Suborder Campanulinida
Superfamily Eirenoidea
Family Eirenidae
Genus Eutonina
Species Eutonina indicans

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Tiarops indicans | Romanes, 1876
Eutonia socialis | Hartlaub, 1897

Arai, M.N. and A. Brinckmann-Voss, 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 204: 1-192.

Cornelius, P.F.S., 1995a. North-West European thecate hydroids and their Medusae. Part 1. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No 50.

Edwards, C., 1968. Water movements and the distribution of Hydromedusae in British and adjacent waters. Sarsia 34: 331-346.

Fraser, J.H., 1972. The distribution of the Medusae in the Scottish area. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (B) 74(1): 1-25.

Howe, D.C., 1959. A rare hydromedusa [Eutonia indicans ]. Nature, London 184 (4703): 1963.

Kramp, P.L. and D. Damas, 1925. Les Méduses de la Norvège. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i København 80: 217-323.

Kramp, P.L., 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40: 1-469.

McMillan, N., 1986. Oddments from Fair Isle. Porcupine Newsletter 3: 183.

Naumov, D.V., 1969. Hydroids and hydromedusae of the U.S.S.R. Fauna S.S.S.R. 70: 1-660. [Jeruzalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations Cat. No. 5108]

Rees, J.T., 1978. Laboratory and field studies on Eutonia indicans (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa), a common leptomedusa of Bodega Bay, California. The Wasmann Journal of Biology 36: 201-209.

Russell, F.S., 1953a. The medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae, and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. 319 figures, 35 plates.

Russell, F.S., 1970a. The medusae of the British Isles. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa; with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press 283 pp.

Tulp, A.S., 2001b. Over Eucheilota flevensis Van Kampen, 1922 en enige andere hydromedusen (deel 2). Het Zeepaard, 61(2): 33-43.

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