Carinaria lamarcki forma challengeri Bonnevie, 1920

Overview

This is a very large shelled pelagic snail, up to 4 cm long, with an almost completely transparent body. The body can never withdraw into the shell. The shell is low conical with a high keel. Only the broad triangular visceral nucleus is darkly pigmented. The large eyes, with black retina, and the mouth organs are clearly seen. The intestine is frequently full and visible. The body is long and cylindrical with one swimming fin. It hunts large prey such as fish, shelled pteropods and other heteropods. It lives in the upper layers of the warm waters of all oceans (Carinaria l. challengeri).

Taxonomic Description

Notable differences with Carinaria l. forma lamarcki are the smaller body, the anterior position of the visceral nucleus, the smaller number of gills, the larger coiled portion of the visceral nucleus, the larger tail clasper and the similar but smaller eyes. The cutis is thick with many small tubercles, especially on the upperside. The clasper is entirely or only centrally covered with an intense black pigment.
Body length maximum 40 mm.

Juveniles

The juveniles have a small, dextrally coiled shell. A special description is not available.

Reproduction

In this form the sexes are separate.

Ecology

This form is carnivorous and epipelagic.

Distribution

This form occurs in the warmer waters of the Atlantic and Pacific waters, see the Carinaria l. challengeri map.

Types

Carinaria lamarcki var. challengeri Bonnevie, 1920: 6, pl. 2, figs. 16-25.
Lectotype: ZMVB 23362(alcohol collection). Paralectotypes: ZMVB 23362, 1 spec.; ZMVB 23365, 2 spec.; ZMVB 23366, 4 spec.; ZMVB 23367, 1 spec.
Type locality: 28°42'N 20°0'W and 36°53'N 29°47'W, Coll: CMSE stat. 45 and stat. 562. The specimens from CMSE, stat. 51 are lost, the specimens of CMSE, stat. 39A (ZMVB 23368) and stat. 52 (ZMVB 23363) show no clasper. From CMSE, stat. 56 there were 10 specimens instead of 9 specimens as originally described. The spec. ZMVB 30439 and ZMVB 23364 have no original label so that these can be omitted. For these reasons ZMVB 23363, 23364, 23368 and 30439 were not considered to be paralectotypes.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
Subclass Streptoneura
Order Mesogastropoda
Superfamily Atlantacea
Family Carinariidae
Genus Carinaria
Species Carinaria lamarcki
Forma challengeri

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Not included in WoRMS database

Scientific synonyms and common names

Carinaria lamarcki forma challengeri Bonnevie, 1920

Synonyms

Carinaria pseudorugosa n. sp.? Vayssiére, 1904: 20
Carinaria grimaldii n. sp.? Vayssiére, 1904: 18
Carinaria mediterranea var. oceanica n. var. Vayssiére, 1904: 12
Carinaria lamarcki var. oceanica Pelseneer, 1906: 146
Carinaria grimaldi? Vayssiére, 1903: 347
Carinaria lamarcki part Simroth, 1911a: 10
Carinaria lamarcki forma challengeri n. var. Bonnevie, 1920: 6
Carinaria lamarcki challengeri Okutani, 1961: 338
Carinaria lamarcki forma challengeri Van der Spoel, 1972c: 552

Bonnevie, K., 1920. Heteropoda. Rep. Sci. Res. 'Michael Sars' North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition, 1910, 3(2) (zool.): 3-16.

Okutani, T., 1961. Notes on the genus Carinaria (Heteropoda) from Japanese and adjacent waters. Publ. Seto mar. biol. Lab. 9(2): 333-252.

Pafort-van Iersel, G. J. S., 1985a. Contributions to pelagic zoogeography of the mid North Atlantic Ocean, 1. Distribution of pteropods, heteropods and silver hatchetfishes. In: G. J. S. Pafort-van Iersel. A contribution to pelagic zoogeography of the mid North Atlantic Ocean (7th paper) (Thesis Univ. van Amsterdam): 1-45, 5 tabs, 4 figs, 27 append.

Pelseneer, P. and Fowler, G. H., 1906. Biscayan plankton collected during a cruise of H. M. S. 'Research', 1900, 7. Mollusca (excluding Cephalopoda). With a note on their distribution. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2 (Zool.) 10(5): 137-157, pls 10-12.

Rao, T. S. S., 1979. Zoogeography of the Indian Ocean. In: Spoel, S. van der and Pierrot-Bults, A. C. (eds). Zoogeography and diversity in plankton. Utrecht (Bunge Sci. Publ.): 254-292.

Seapy, R. R., 1994. Veliger larvae of Carinariidae (Mollsuca: heteropoda) from Hawaiian waters. Veliger 37(4): 336-343.

Simroth, H., 1911a. Die Gastropoden des nordischen Planktons Nordisches Plankton (zool)5: 1-36.

Tanaka, T., 1971. Pteropoda and Heteropoda (Gastropoda, Mollusca) collected in the western Pacific Ocean in the northern summer 1968. Kaiyo Rep. 3: 27-38.

Tesch, J. J., 1906a. Heteropoda der Siboga expeditie. Siboga Rep. 51: 1-112, 14 pls.

Tesch, J. J., 1949. Heteropoda. Dana Rep. 34: 1-55, 5 pls.

Spoel, S. van der, 1972c. Notes on the identification and speciation of Heteropoda (Gastropoda). Zool. Meded. 47: 545-560.

Spoel, S. van der, 1976c. Pseudothecosomata, Gymnosomata and Heteropoda. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. 484 pp. 246 figs.

Vayssiére, A., 1904. Mollusques hétéropodes provenant des campagnes des yachts Hirondelle et Princesse Alice. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince souverain de Monaco 26: 3-65, 6 pls.

Vayssiére, A., 1927a. Mollusques hétéropodes et euptéropodes provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse-Alice I et Hirondelle II (1896-1915). Résul. Camp. Scient. accompl. yacht par Albert Ier, prince souverain de Monaco 71: 1-31, 1 pls.

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