Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Diagnosis: snout relatively long, conical. Eyes almond-shaped. Spiracle present, well developed. Teeth in both jaws similar, anterior three teeth erect, rest oblique with a primary cusp and several cusplets on outer margin. First dorsal fin broadly triangular, its origin over free tip of pectoral; second dorsal fin smaller, anal fin approximately equal to it; no inter-dorsal ridge; no pre-caudal pits; sub-terminal notch on upper caudal fin lobe large. Colour: grey to brown above, white below. Size: to over 200 cm TL, common to 150 cm TL.

Habitat: coastal to epipelagic. Food: primarily fishes and squids. Reproduction: ovoviviparous, number of young up to 45, but 25-35 common; gestation period I year, pups born at approximately 35 cm TL.

Distribution: Madeira northward to Iceland and Norway; present but uncommon in Mediterranean. Elsewhere, south-east and south-west Atlantic, south-east and south-west Indian Ocean. also eastern Pacific; apparently absent from north-west Atlantic and north-west Pacific.

Complementary iconography. Bonaparte, 1834, fasc. 8, fig. 3 | Day, 1882, pl. 153 | Smitt, 1895, fig. 327, pl. 50 (fig. 2) | Lozano Rey, 1928 fig. 9496.
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Ranzi, 1932: 261; 1934: 383, 418 | Tortonese, 1956: 157, fig. 84 | Capapé, 1974a: 237.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Chondrichthyes
Superorder Pleurotremata
Family Triakidae
Genus Galeorhinus
Species Galeorhinus galeus

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms:

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Squalus Galeus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X: 234 ('Habitat in Oceano Europae'). Type: unknown.
Galeus vulgaris Fleming, 1828, British Anim.: 165 (Britain). Type: unknown.
Galeus canis Bonaparte, 1834, Icon. Faun. ital., Pesci, 3, fasc. 8, fig. 3 (Italy). Type: unknown.
Galeus linnaei Malm, 1837, Göteb. Bohusl. Faun.: 618 (Göteborg). Type: unknown.
Galeus vulgaris: Lowe, 1837: 194 Day, 1882: 292, pl. 153 Ehrenbaum, 1927a: xii. e 11, fig. 7- 1929 in Joubin, ed., fiche no. 15.
Galeus canis: Moreau, 1881: 317, fig. 45-46 Richard, 1904: 291 Soljan, 1948: 61, fig.
Galeorhinus australis (Macleay, 1881) (fide Compagno, 1979, tentatively),
Galeorhinus zyopterus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) (fide Compagno, 1979, tentatively)
Galeorhinus galeus: Smitt, 1895: 1132, fig. 327, pl. 50 (fig. 2) Fowler, 1936: 57, fig. 14 Poll, 1947: 57, fig. 32-33 Noronha & Sarmento, 1948: 97, 159 Andriashev, 1954: 39, fig. 15 Albuquerque, 1954-1956: 98, fig. 58-59 Tortonese, 1956: 155, fig. 83-84- 1963: 158 Wheeler, 1969: 60, fig. 26.
Eugaleus galeus: Garman, 1913: 153 Dieuzeide et al., 1953: 39, fig. Dollfus, 1955: 18.
Galeus galeus: Lozano Rey, 1928: 327, fig. 94-96 Nobre, 1935: 424 Ehrenbaum, 1936 275, fig. 242.

Common names:

graahaj [Da]
Hundshai [De]
tope [En]
cazón [Es]
milandre [Fr]
balestrine [Fr]
pas butor [Hr]
galeo canesca [It]
ruwe haai [Ne]
graahai [No]
cação [Pr]
seraya akula [Ru]
håstörgen [Sv]

*Nobre, A. 1935. Fauna marinha de Portugal. 1. Vertebrados (Mamiferos, Reptis e Peixes), Porto.: Ixxxiv+1-21 (Mamiferos); 1-5 (Reptis); 1-574 (Peixes), 77 pl., 64 phot.

Albuquerque, R. M. 1954-1956. Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Chavas para a sua determinação. Port. Acta biol., ser. B,5:xvi+1167 p., 445 fig.

Andriashev, A. P.1954. Ryby severnykh morei SSSR. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Moskwa-Leningrad. (English trans. 1964, Jerusalem, IPST, 617 p., 300 fig.)

Bonaparte, C. L. 1832-41, Iconografia della Fauna italica per le quattro classi degli Animali Vertebrati, tomo III, Pesci, Roma, without pagination, 75 puntate (in 30 fasc.), 78 pl.

Capapé, C. 1974a. Observations sur la sexualite, la reproduction et la fecondite de 16 Selaciens pleurotremes, ovipares, aplacentaires des cotes tunisiennes. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis, 51: 229-256, 329-344.

Compagno, L. V. J. 1979. Carcharhinoid sharks: morphology, systematics, and phylogeny. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., 932 p.

Day, F. 1880-84. The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. London-Edinburgh, 2 vol., cxii+336 p., 5+7 fig., 92 pl. and 388 p., 87 pl. 1880:1(1):1-64, pl. I-XXVII; 1881: 1(2) (3): 65-240, pl. XXVIII-LXVIII; 1882: 1(4): 241-336, pl. LXIX-XCII; 2 (5) :1-96, pl. XCIII-CXVI; 1883: 2 (6): 97-176, pl. CXVII-CXXXII; 2 (7) :177-272, pl. CXXXIII-CXLVIII; 1884: 2 (8): 273-368, pl. CXLIX-CLXXIX.

Day, F. 1880-84. The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. London-Edinburgh, 2 vol., cxii+336 p., 5+7 fig., 92 pl. and 388 p., 87 pl. 1880:1(1):1-64, pl. I-XXVII; 1881: 1(2) (3): 65-240, pl. XXVIII-LXVIII; 1882: 1(4): 241-336, pl. LXIX-XCII; 2 (5) :1-96, pl. XCIII-CXVI; 1883: 2 (6): 97-176, pl. CXVII-CXXXII; 2 (7) :177-272, pl. CXXXIII-CXLVIII; 1884: 2 (8): 273-368, pl. CXLIX-CLXXIX.

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M. (collab. J. Roland), 1953-55. Catalogue des Poissons des Côtes algériennes. Bull. Stn Aquic. Pêch. Castiglione, I (n.s.), (4), 1952 [1953]: 1-135, 73 fig. n. num.; II (n.s.), (5), 1953 [1954] :1-258, 135 fig. n. num.; III (n.s.), (6), 1954 [1955] :1-384, 202 fig. n. num.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1927a. XII Elasmobranchii. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler, Die Tierwelt der Nordund Ostsee, Leipzig, 7 (12): el-e66, 44 fig.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1936. Naturgeschichte und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Seefische Nordeuropas, in Handbuch der Seefischerei N. Eur., 2: x+337 p., 276 fig., 2 tabl., 26 pl.

Fleming, J. 1828. A history of British animals exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangements of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca and radiata of the U.K.; including the indigenous, extirpated and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. EdinburgLondon, xxiii+565 p. (2nd ed., 1842, same pag.).

Garman, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates, and Rays). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 36: xiii+528 p., 77 pl.

Jordan, D. S.; Gilbert, C. H.1883a. On certain neglected generic names of Lacepede. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. S, 1882[1883]: 570-576.

Joubin, L. ed. 1929-38. Faune ichthyologique de l'Atlantique nord. Cons. perm. Int. Expl. Mer, Copenhagen. Fiches faunistiques, 418 pl. (With systematic and alphabetic index by H. Blegvad, 1938.)

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. X, vol. 1, 824 p. Nantes & Pisces: 230-338. (Reprint, 1956, London.)

Lozano y Rey, L.1928. Fauna Ibérica. Pesces (Generalidades, Ciclóstomos y Elasmobranquios). Mus. Nac. Ciencias Nat., Madrid, 1:1-692,197 fig., 20 pl.

Moreau, E.1881-91. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: I-VII+ 1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881:1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881:1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Noronha, A. C. di; Sarmento, A. A. 1948. Vertebrados da Madeira. Funchal, Junta Gen. Distr. Aut., 2:181 p.

Poll, M.1947. Poissons marins in Faune de Belgique. Bruxelles, 452 p., 267 fig., 2 pl., 2 maps n. num. (inset).

Ranzi, S. 1932. Le basi fisio-morfologiche dello sviluppo embrionale dei Selaci I. Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli, 12 (2): 209-290, fig. 1-45.

Ranzi, S. 1934. Le basi fisio-morfologiche dello sviluppo embrionale dei Selaci, pts. II e III. Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli, 13 (3): 331-437, fig. 1-54.

Richard, J. 1904. Campagne scientifique de la 'Princesse-Alice' (1904). Liste des stations. Bull. Inst. océanogr., Monaco, (19): 29 p., 1 tab.

Smitt, F. A. 1893-95. (ed.) A history of Scandinavian fishes, Stockholm and Paris, Atlas, I, 1893, pl. i-xxvii.

Soljan, T. 1948. Fauna i flora jadrana. 1. Ribe Inst. Oceanogr. Ribarst. Jugoslavia. Zagreb, Hrvatske, 437 p., 1350 fig.

Tortonese, E. 1956b. Leptocardia, Ciclostomata, Selachii. Fauna Ital., 2: 334 p., 163 fig.

Tortonese, E. 1963c. Elenco riveduto dei Leptocardi, Ciclostomi, Pesci cartilagine e ossei del mare mediterraneo. Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria, 74 :156-185.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., +392 fig. (princ. sp.)+92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

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