Author: Garman, 1884

Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884

Diagnosis: elongate, almost eel-like body, head with reptilian appearance. Mouth large, sub-terminal; almost all teeth with 3 major cusps and some smaller ones. Gill-slits 6, with frill-like appendages to give 'collared' appearance. Colour: uniform dark brown or grey/brown, lighter ventrally, with a darker streak along flanks. Size: males to about 1.50 m, females to 2m TL.

Habitat: mesopelagic or benthic at considerable depths (120-1,100 m), but once recorded from surface waters (California). Food: only fishes recorded. Reproduction: ovoviviparous, litters of about 4-12; apparently about 60 cm at birth; eggs large, gestation period assumed long (1-2 years).

Distribution: Atlantic coasts from Madeira to the Shetlands and northern Norway. Elsewhere, North and South Atlantic, Japan, Taiwan, California, Chile, New Zealand and probably Australia.
Because of its occurrence in deepwater, the species probably escapes capture, but may be worldwide in temperate seas.

Note: The name H. vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 was erroneously replaced by H. nakamurai Teng, 1962 during the final preparation of the manuscript.
The situation regarding the correct scientific name of the Bigeyed six-gill shark has been adequately summarized by Compagno (1984: 21): 'Comparison of the original description of H. griseus nakamurai and of H. vitulus strongly suggests that the two are synonyms. I retain H. vitulus because the question exists as to whether Teng's (1962) work was actually published and if his names are available. lt has been cited as a publication by Chen ( 1963) and Springer ( 1979), but may be an unpublished Ph.D thesis (Dr S. C. Shen, pers. comm. to Dr P. C. Heemstra). Chen (1963: 1) stated that "Hexanchus griseus nakamurai n.subsp." was a synonym of H. griseus, and under that species (p. 6) listed nakamurai as a synonym. If Teng's name is not available from his 1962 monograph, it is an open question whether its citation in Chen establishes it beyond the status of nomen nudum.'
In the present circumstances it seems preferable to retain the wellknown name Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969.

Complementary iconography. Gudger & Smith, 1933: fig. 1-31, 5 pl. | Gudger, 1940: pl. 6 (e.g.)
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Gudger & Smith, 1933: 298 | Gudger, 1940: 521, fig. 1-33, 6 pl.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Chondrichthyes
Superorder Pleurotremata
Family Chlamydoselachidae
Genus Chlamydoselachus
Species Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884

Scientific synonyms and common names

Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884

Synonyms:

Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884.
Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884, Bull Essex Inst., 16: 47, 48-52, fig. (47) (Japanese seas). Holotype: MCZ, no number recorded.
Chlamydoselachus anguineus: Ehrenbaum, 1934: (2), 2 fig. Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 94 Smith, 1967: 105, 1 fig., pl. 19-23 Wheeler, 1962: 689, 1 fig.; 1969: 40, fig., 1 pl.


Common names:

Frilled shark [En]
Requin lezard [Fr]
Kragenhai [De]
Tiburon anguila [Es]
kravehai [No]
plascenosnaja akula [Ru]
kråshaj [Sv]

Bigelow, H. B.; Schroeder, W. C. 1948b. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western north Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven, 1(1): 59-576, fig. 6-106.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1934. Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman. In: L. Joubin, ed., Faune ichthyol. Atlant. N., Copenhagen: fiche 4.

Garman, S. 1884. An extraordinary shark. Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 47-55,1 fig.

Gudger, E. W. 1940. The breeding habits, reproductive organs and external embryonic development of Chlamydoselachus anguineus, based on notes and drawings by Bashford Dean. Bashford Dean Memorial Vol., Archaic Fishes, 7: 523-633, fig. 1-33, pl. 1-6.

Gudger, E. W.; Smith, B. G. 1933. The natural history of the frilled shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Bashford Dean Memorial Vol., Archaic Fishes, 5: 245-319, fig. 1-31, pl. 1-5.

Smith, J. L. B. 1967a. The lizard shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, in South Africa. Occ. Pap. Dep. Ichthyol. Rhodes Univ., (10) :105-114, 1 fig., pl. 19-23.

Wheeler, A. 1962b. New records for distribution of the frilled shark. Nature, Lond., 196: 689-690, 1 fig.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., +392 fig. (princ. sp.)+92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

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