Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810

Greatest width of head far less than half of total body length. Jaws with or without labial furrows; nostrils much closer to eyes than to midline of snout; anterior margin of nostril expanded at inner end as a stiff, triangular flap, hollowed on lower side and overhanging the orifice.

Species 8; in Clofnam area 4

Kingdom Animalia
Class Chondrichthyes
Genus Sphyrna

Scientific synonyms and common names

Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810
Gender: F; Indice Ittiol. sicil.: 46, 60
Type: Squalus zygaena L., by subs. design. of Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.

Synonyms

Cestracion Klein, in Walbaum, 1792, P. Artedi renovati, pt. 3: 580 (type: Squalus zygaena L., by subs. design. of Gill, 1861; name inadmissible, as result of Inter. Comm. rulings of 1907 and 1910).
Sphyrnias Rafinesque, 1815, Anal. de la Nat.: 93 (substitute name for Sphyrna Raf.).
Cestrorhinus Blainville, 1816, Bull. Soc. philomath. Paris: 121 (type: Squalus zygaena L., by subs. design. of Fowler, 1911).
Zygaena Cuvier, 1817, Règne anim.: 127 (type: Squalus zygaena L., by absolute tautonymy; genus name preoccupied by Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, for Lepidoptera).
Zygoena Risso, 1826, Hist. nat.... Nice et Alpes maritimes: 125 (presumed emended spelling for Zygaena Cuv.).
Sphyrnichthys Thienemann, 1828, Lehrbuch Zool.: 408 (substitute name for Sphyrna Raf.).
Zygana Swainson, 1839, Nat. Hist. Clas. Fish. Amphib., Rept.: 318 (presumed misspelling of Zygaena).
Sphyra van der Hoeven, 1855, Handboek der Dierkunde: 68 (presumed emended spelling for Sphyrna Raf.; type: Squalus zygaena L., by subs. design. of Gill, 1861.)

Blainville, H. M. Ducrotay de 1816. Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. Bull. Soc. philomath. Paris, 8 :105 (=113)-124.

Cuvier, G. 1817b. Le règne animal distribué d'après son orginisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée, 4 vol. Paris. Poissons, 2: 104-351.

Hoeven, J. van der 1855. Handboek der dierkunde; tweede verbeterde uitgave met bijvoegsels en aanmerkingen door Leuckart, Amsterdam, 3 vol., 1849-1856. 2, 1855: 188-419, 8 pl.

Jordan, D. S.; Gilbert, C. H. 1883b. Synopsis of the Fishes of North America. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., (16), 1882 [1883]: Ivi +1018 pp.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. X, vol. 1, 824 pp. Nantes & Pisces: pp. 230-338. (Reprint, 1956, London.)

Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. S. 1810b. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana ossia catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia, 69 pp., 2 pl. (Reprint, 1967, Asher-Amsterdam.)

Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme, 224 p.

Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris et Strasbourg, vol. III, XVI+486 pp., 16 pl.

Swainson, W. 1838-1839. On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians and reptiles or monocardian animals, London, 2 vol., 1, 1838, 368 pp., 100 fig.; 2, 1839, 448 pp., 135 fig.

Thienemann, F. A. L. 1828. Lehrbuch der Zoologie, vol. 3, Berlin.

Walbaum, J. J. 1792. Petri Artedi sueci genera Piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Ichthyologiae Pars III. Grypeswaldiae, [ed. II], 723 p., 3 pl.

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