Author: (Valenciennes, 1822)

Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)

Diagnosis: head broad with anterior contour moderately convex, scalloped in the midline and opposite each nostril; head widely expanded laterally (hammer); corners of mouth considerably posterior to outer posterior corners of head. Eyes small, far from nostrils, centre of eyes anterior to front of mouth; no prenarial grooves; teeth smooth-edged; fifth gill opening above origin of pectoral fins; posterior lobe of first dorsal fin over or behind origin of pelvic fins; anal fin with a long base and posterior margin weakly concave. Colour: grey to greyish-brown above, shading to paler below; pectoral fins without marks. Size: to about 1.5 m.

Habitat: continental coastal waters from surface to 12 m. Food: see family. Reproduction: probably viviparous; size at birth about 30 cm.

Distribution: ? eastern Atlantic; western Mediterranean. Elsewhere, western South Atlantic (Venezuela to Uruguay).

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Chondrichthyes
Superorder Pleurotremata
Family Sphyrnidae
Genus Sphyrna
Species Sphyrna tudes

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)

Synonyms:

Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)
Zygaena tudes Valenciennes, 1822, Mém. Mus. natn. Hst. nat. Paris, 9: 225-226, pl. 12 (fig. la-b) (Nice, France; Cayenne, French Guiana; Coromandel, India). Lectotype: MNHN no. A 1049 (Nice); paralectotype: MNHN no. A 1019 (Cayenne), by subs. design. of Gilbert, 1967: 65 (Coromandel specimen not located, but obviously represents a different species).
Sphyrna fudes: Müller & Henle, 1841: 53 Tortonese, 1950b: 1031 Gilbert, 1961: 480 Soljan, 1963: 52, fig. Gilbert, 1967: 6470, fig. 19-20, 21i, 22h, pl. 4, 8.
Sphyrna bigelowi Springer, 1944, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 34: 274276, fig. (Uruguay). Holotype: USNM no. 87682; paratypes: USNM no. 120751, and MCZ no. 463.
Sphyrna bigelowi: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 410-414, fig. 79-80 Fraser-Brunner, l950b: 213-219 Tortonese, 1950a: 21.

Common names:

Smalleye hammerhead [En]
Requin-marteau a pet yeux [Fr]
bat jaram bat [Hr]

Bigelow, H. B.; Schroeder, W. C. 1948b. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western north Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven, 1(1): 59-576, fig. 6-106.

Fraser-Brunner, A. 1950b. A synopsis of the hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna), with description of a new species. Rec. Aust. Mus., 22 (3): 213-219.

Gilbert, C. R. 1961. First record for the hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tudes, in United states waters. Copeia, 1961(4): 480.

Gilbert, C. R.1967. A revision of the hammerhead sharks. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 119 (3539): 1-88, pl. 1-10.

Müller, J.; Henle, J.1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, xxii+204 p., 60 pl.

Soljan, T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic (Ribe Jadrana). Fauna et flora adriatica 1 (revised and enlarged for the English edition), 428 p., many unnumbered fig.

Springer, S. 1944. Sphyrna bigelowi, a new hammerhead shark from off the Atlantic coast of South America, with notes on Sphyrna mokarran from New South Wales. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 34: 274276, 1 fig.

Tortonese, E. 1950a. Studi sui Plagiostomi, 2: Evoluzione, corologia e sistematica della famiglia Sphyrnidae (Pesci martello). Boll Musei Zool Anat. comp. R. Univ. Torino, 2(2):1-39,11fig.

Tortonese, E. 1950b. A note on the hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tudes Val ., after a study of the types. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (12) 3 :1030-1033.

Valenciennes, A. 1822. Sur le sous-genre marteau, Zygaena. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, 9: 222-228, pl. 11-12.

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