Author: Linnaeus, 1758

Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758

Diagnosis: body deep, strongly compressed, caudal peduncle as long as deep; head deep, its dorsal profile flat or convex over eye, no serrations on bony ridge above eye; mouth large and very protractile, with small conical teeth in jaws. Pectoral fins short, pelvic fins at least twice as long, with I + 6-7 finrays, the base below hind border of eye, dorsal fin with IX-Xl + 21-25 finrays, the tips of the spinous finrays with long filament; anal fin with III-V (usually IV) + 20-24 finrays. Body covered with very small, rudimentary scales, appearing naked; scutes present along belly, with spines; a row of 5-11 bony bucklers bearing 1-2 spines along bases of dorsal and anal fins. Colour: golden greengrey or silvery bronze, with a large yellow-edged black spot on flank; membranes of spinous anal and pelvic fins black, spinous dorsal fin dark. Size: to 66 cm SL, usually 20-50 cm.

Habitat: near bottom or in midwater, from close inshore down to 400 m or more, mainly at 50-150 m; solitary. Food: a wide range of fishes, especially schooling and demersal species, sometimes alpheid, pandalid and palaemonid crustaceans. Reproduction: commonly June-August (Bay of Biscay, western part of English Channel).

Distribution: Atlantic from Norway to Madeira, also Mediterranean and Black Sea. Elsewhere, south to the Azores and southern Africa (overlaps with Z. capensis), also Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Korea (if Z. japonicus and Z. australis are not distinct; see Heemstra, 1980).

Eggs, larvae and young stages. Ehrenbaum, 1905: 124 (description only) | Sanzo, in Lo Bianco, 1956: 461, fig. 287-293 | Banarescu, 1964: 633, fig. 274.
Otoliths (sagitta). Frost, 1927: 443, pl. VIII (fig. 8-9) | Stinton, 1967: 4, pl. I (fig. 10), pl. II (fig. 8).

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Osteichthyes
Order Zeiformes
Family Zeidae
Genus Zeus
Species Zeus faber

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758

Scientific synonyms and common names

Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758

Synonyms:

Zeus Faber Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X: 267 ('Habitat in Pelago').
Zeus pungio Valenciennes, 1835, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. nat. Poissons, 10: 25 (Mediterranean). Holotype: MNHN no. A 6860.
Zeus faber: Canestrini, 1874: 104 Day, 1881, 1:138, pl. XLVIII Moreau, 1881, 2: 467 Carus, 1893: 662 Smitt, 1893,1: 306, pl. IX (fig. 2) Fowler, 1936: 530, fig. 251 Andersson, 1942: 110, pl. 23 Poll, 1947: 227, fig. 148 Soljan, 1948: 170 Maul, 1949: 148 Lozano Rey, 1952, 3: 49, lam. 2, fig. 4 Albuquerque, 1954-1956: 590, fig. 266 Poljakov et al., 1958: 201, fig. Duncker, ed. Ladiges, 1960: 219, fig. 82 Luther & Fiedler, 1961: 42, taf. 8 Banarescu, 1964: 632 Wheeler, 1969: 306, fig. Tortonese & Cautis, 1967: 1 (Black Sea) Bini, 1970, 3: 213, fig. Tortonese, 1970: 496, fig. 196.
Zeus pungio: Ninni, 1878: 83 Moreau, 1881, 2: 472, fig. Soljan, 1948: 171, fig. Banarescu, 1964: 631, fig. 273.
Zeus faber pungio: Dieuzeide et al., 1954: 175, fig. Slastenenko, 1955-1956: 286, fig. 56 Svetovidov, 1964: 200, fig. 56.
(?) Zeus japonicus Valenciennes, 1835
(?) Zeus australis Richardson, 1845


Common names:

dory [En]
Hering-könig [De]
john dory [En]
peixe-galo [Pr]
pesce san pietro [It]
pez de san pedro [Es]
saint-pierre[Fr]
zonnevis [Ne]

Albuquerque, R. M. 1954-1956. Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Chavas para a sua determinação. Port. Acta biol., ser. B, 5: xvi+1167 pp., 445 fig.

Andersson, K. A., ed. 1942. Fiskar och fiske i Norden. 1, Fiskar och fiske i havet. Stockholm, xvi+540 pp., 83 col. pl., 230 fig. 2, Fiskar och Fiske i Sjör och Floder: pp. xvii-xxiv+541-1016, fig. 231-426, col. pl. 84-128. (New edition in 1954, 2: pp. 425-769, 190 fig., 42 col. pl.)

Banarescu, P. 1964. Pisces. Osteichthyes. Fauna Repub. pop. rom., Bucuresti, 13: 1-962, 402 fig.

Bini, G. 1967-1972. Atlante dei pesci delle Coste italiane. Mondo Sommerso, Milano, 9 vol: I, 1967, Leptocardi, Ciclostomi, Selaci, 206 pp., 66 fig. + 64 col. fig. II, 1971, Osteitti (Acipenseriformi, Clupeiformi, Mictofiformi, Anguilliformi), 300 pp., 73 col. fig. III, 1970, Notacantiformi . . . Zeiformi, 229 pp., 34 fig. + 63 col. fig. IV, 1968, Perciformi (Mugiloidei, Percoidei), 163 pp., 34 fig. + 49 col. fig. V, 1968, Perciformi (Percoidei), 175 pp., 22 fig. + 56 col. fig. VI, 1968, Perciformi (Trichiuroidei . . . Blennioidei), 177 pp., 48 fig + 57 col. fig. VII,1969, Perciformi (Ofidioidei . . . Dactilopteroidei), 196 pp., 57 fig. + 59 col. fig. VIII,1968, Pleuronettiformi, Echeniformi, Gobioesociformi, Tetraodontiformi, Lofiformi, 164 pp., 34 + 63 fig. IX, 1972, Introduzione. Parte generale. Aggiornamenti. Indici. 176 p.

Canestrini, G. 1871-1872. Pesci d'Italia. Parte I, 1871, Pesci delle acque dolci: 436, 2 fig., Parte II, 1872, Pesci marini: pp. 37-208. In: E. Cornalia, 1870-1874, Fauna d'Italia, Milano, 3: pp. 1-208.

Carus, J. V. 1893. Vertebrata. 1. class. Pisces: pp. 498-711, In: Prodromus faunae Mediterraneae sive Descriptio Animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adiectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus. . . Stuttgart, 1889-1893, 2: ix+854 pp.

Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. 1828-1849. Histoire naturelle des Poissons, Paris-Strasbourg, 22 vol., 11030 pp., 621 pl. (numb. 1-650).1,1828: xvi+573 pp., pl. I-VIII [author: Cuvier]; 2, 1828: xxi+490 pp., pl. 9-40 [Cuv.: pp. 1-238, pp. 249-262, pp. 387-490; Val.: pp. 238-249, pp. 262-386]; 3 April 1829: xxiii+500 pp., pl. 41-71 [Cuvier]; 4, 1829: xxvi+518 pp., pl. 72-99 [Cuvier]; 5, 1830: xxviii+499 pp., pl. 100-140 [Cuvier]; 6, 1830: xxiv+pp.559 pp., pl. 141-169 [Val.: pp. 1-425, 493-559; Cuv.: 426-491]; 7, 1831: xxix + 531 pp., pl. 170-208 [Cuv.: 1-440; Val.: pp. 441-531]; 8, 1832: xix+509 pp., pl. 209-245 [Cuv.: pp. 1-470; Val.: pp. 471-509]; 9, 1833: xxix+512 pp., pl. 246-279 [Cuv.: pp. 1-198, pp. 330-359, pp. 372-427; Val.: pp. 199-329, pp. 359-371, pp. 429-512]; 10, 1835: xxiv+482 pp., pl. 280-306 [Val.]; 11, 1836: xx+506 pp., pl. 307-343 [Val.]; 12, 1837: xxix+507 pp., pl. 344-368 [Val.]; 13, 1839: xix+505 pp., pl. 369-388 [Val.]; 14, 1840: xxii+464 pp., pl. 389-420 [Val.]; 15, 1840: xxi + 540 pp., pl. 421-455 [Val.]; 16, 1842: xx+472 pp., pl. 456-487 [Val.]; 17, 1844: xxiii+497 pp., pl. 487-519 [Val.]; 18, 1846: xix+505 pp., pl. 520-553 [Val.]; 19, 1847: xix+544 pp., pl. 554-590 [Val.]; 20, 1847: xviii+472 pp., pl. 591-606 [Val.]; 21, 1848: xiv+536 pp., pl. 607-633 [Val.]; 22, 1849: xx+532 pp., pl. 634-650 [Val.].

Day, F. 1880-1884. The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. London-Edinburgh, 2 vol., cxii+336 pp., 5 +7 fig., 92 pl. and 388 pp., 87 pl. 1880: 1(1): pp. 1-64, pl. I-XXVII; 1881: 1(2) (3): pp. 65-240, pl. XXVIII-LXVIII; 1882: 1(4): pp. 241-336, pl. LXIX-XCII; 2 (5): pp. 1-96, pl. XCIII-CXVI; 1883: 2 (6): pp. 97-176, pl. CXVII-CXXXII; 2 (7): pp. 177-272, pl. CXXXIII-CXLVIII; 1884: 2 (8): pp. 273-368, pl. CXLIX-CLXXIX.

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M. (collab. J. Roland), 1953-1955. Catalogue des Poissons des Côtes algériennes. Bull. Stn Aquic. Pêch. Castiglione, I (n.s.), (4), 1952 [1953]: pp. 1-135, 73 fig. n. num.; II (n.s.), (5), 1953 [1954]: pp. 1-258, 135 fig. n. num.; III (n.s.), (6), 1954 [1955]: pp. 1-384, 202 fig. n. num.

Duncker, G.; Ladiges, W. 1960. Die Fische der Nordmark. Abh. naturw. Ver., Hamburg, N.F., 3, suppl.: pp. 1-432, 145 fig., 1 map.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1905-1909. Eier und Larven von Fischen der Nordischen Planktons, Teil I, 1905, 4: iv + I 1-I 216 + iii, fig. 1-82; Teil II, 1909, 10: I 217-I 413, fig. 83-147.

Fowler, H. W. 1936. The Marine Fishes of West Africa, based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-1915. Bull. am. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (1), Jan. 21, 1936: pp. vii+1-606, fig. 1-275; (2), Nov. 18, 1936: pp. 607-1493, fig. 276-567.

Frost, G. A. 1927a. A comparative study of the otoliths of the Neopterygian Fishes. Orders Allotriognathi, Berycomorphi, Zeomorphi. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9)19 (112): pp. 439-445, pl. VIII.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. X, vol. 1, 824 pp. Nantes & Pisces: pp. 230-338. (Reprint, 1956, London.)

Lozano y Rey, L. 1952. Peces fisoclistos, Subserie Toracicos. Mems R. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. Madr., ser.: Cien. nat., Primate parte, 14: pp. xv+1-378, fig. 1-20, pl. I-XXX; Segunda parte, 14: pp. 379-705, fig. 21-31, pl. XXI-LI.

Luther, W.; Fiedler, K. 1961. Die Unterwasserfauna der Mittelmeerküsten. Hamburg-Berlin, Parey ed.: 253 pp., 28 fig., 46 pl.

Maul, G. E. 1949. Lista sistematica dos Peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira, Funchal: pp. 135-181.

Moreau, E. 1881-1891. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: pp. I-VII+1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881: pp. 1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881: pp. 1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: pp. 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Ninni, A. P. 1880. Gli Anacantini del mare Adriatico. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat., 23 (1): 75-96.

Poljakov, G. D.; Filipi, N. D.; Basho, K. 1958. Peshgit e Shgiperise. [Fish of Albania], Tirane, 286 pp.

Poll, M. 1947. Poissons marins in Faune de Belgique. Bruxelles, 452 pp., 267 fig., 2 pl., 2 maps n. num. (inset).

Richardson, J. 1844-1848. Ichthyology. In: J. Richardson & J. E. Gray, The Zoology of the voyage of HMS 'Erebus' and ~Terror' under the command of Capt. Sir J. C. Ross during . . . 1839-43, London, 2 (2): viii+139 p., 62 pl. (1844 :1-16; 1845 :17-52; 1846: 53-74; 1848: i-viii+75-139).

Sanzo, L. 1956. Zeomorphi in Uova, larve e stadi giovanili di Teleostei. Fauna Flora Golfo Napoli, 38: pp. 461-470, fig. 287-295, pl. XXXVI.

Slastenenko, E. P. 1955-1956. Karadeniz havzasi baliklari (The Fishes of the Black Sea Basin). Istanbul: 711 p., 142fig.

Smitt, F. A. 1893-1895. (ed.) A history of Scandinavian fishes, Stockholm and Paris, Atlas, I, 1893, pl. i-xxvii.

Soljan, T. 1948. Fauna i flora jadrana. 1. Ribe Inst. Oceanogr. Ribarst. Jugoslavia. Zagreb, Hrvatske, 437 pp., 1350 fig.

Stinton, F. C. 1967. The otoliths of the teleostean fish Antigonia capros and their taxonomic sigriificance. Bocagiana, (13): pp. 1-7, pl. 1-2.

Svetovidov, A. N. 1964. Rîbî Chernogo Morya. [The fishes of the Black Sea]. Opred Faune SSSR, 86: pp. 1-552, fig. 1-191 (in Russian).

Tortonese, E. 1970e. Osteichthyes (Pesci ossei), Parte Prima. Fauna Ital., 10, Calderini, Bologna, 565 pp., 198 fig.

Tortonese, E.; Cautis, I. 1967. Les Zeus de la Mer Noire (Poissons Zeiformes).Doriana, 4 (176): pp. 1-9, 1 fig.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: pp. i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., 392 fig. (princ. sp.), 92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

No distribution map was available at OBIS the last time we checked. Retry now.

You can continue searching for Zeus faber on one of these Web sites:

Fauna Europaea (animals) | IOPI (plants) | NCBI (genetic)

Google | Yahoo | MSN | Wikipedia