Author: (Risso, 1826)

Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826)

Diagnosis: body fusiform; upper profile of head depressed above eyes; inter-orbital space flat; eye diameter shorter than length of snout. Occipital scales extending forward to between the posterior margin and the middle of eye; gillrakers 13-16 lower, 9-12 upper. D XIIXlll + 10 12; A III + 9-10; the last dorsal and anal ray stronger than the others. Lateral line scales 65-72 to caudal base. Colour: pinkishgrey; head darker, especially inter-orbital space; dark-red mark at the upper pectoral axil overlapping the upper base; fins more or less light pinkish; sometimes paired fins with a darker margin; inside of mouth orange-red. Size: to 36 cm SL, usually 20 25 cm.

Habitat: inshore waters, demersal on various bottoms, mainly sand, muddy-sand and Posidonia beds (young) to 220 m (Mediterranean) and 500 m (Atlantic); more common between 40 and 100 m; young nearer to the coast. Food: omnivorous, mainly carnivorous (benthic invertebrates and fish larvae). Reproduction: intermittent spawning, June-September (western Mediterranean), autumn (eastern parts), March-April and November (Atlantic); hermaphroditic protandrous, inversion of sex at size variable according to hydrological conditions (17 29 cm, 2-7 years); fecundity 85,000 536,000 (21-31 cm); maturity at 1-2 years (13-18 cm).

Distribution: all Mediterranean, less common in Adriatic and eastern Mediterranean; absent in Black Sea; Atlantic, common from Bay of Biscay to Senegal, Madeira, the Canaries and the Cape Verde Is.; rare to the north (British Isles), but recorded off Denmark.

Eggs, larvae and young stages. De Gaetani, 1935: 3-20, 15 fig. | Thomopoulos, 1954: 6, fig. 10-11.
Otoliths (sagitta). Sanz Echeverría, 1926: 153, fig. 41; 1930: 175, fig. 11-12 | Chaine, 1937: 116, pl. 12.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Osteichthyes
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei
Family Sparidae
Genus Pagellus
Species Pagellus acarne

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826)

Synonyms:

Pagrus acarne Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. Europe mér., 3: 361 ('Nice').
Pagellus acarne: Valenciennes, 1830, in Cuv. Val., 6: 191 (Mediterranean) Günther, 1859,1: 480 Steindachner, 1867: 662 Moreau, 1881, 3: 36, fig. 150 Doderlein, 1889: 179 Nobre, 1935: 51, pl. 8 (fig. 24) Fowler, 1936, 2: 829 Lozano Rey, 1952: 151, pl. 10 (fig. 3) Dieuzeide et al., 1955: 36, fig. Reinboth, 1961:105, fig. lB Soljan, 1963: 336, fig. 771 Bini, 1968, 4: 125, fig. Wheeler, 1969: 348, fig. 115, map.
Pagellus owenii Günther, 1859, Cat. Fish., 1: 478 (England, Scotland).


Common names:

besoug [Ar]
mourjane [Ar]
ghozailla [Eg]
spanish bream [En]
aligote [Es]
pageot blanc [Fr]
mousmouli [He]
arbun kapilic [Hr]
pagello bastardo [It]
vardit [Iw]
bazuga [Mlt]
besugo [Pr]
kirma mercan [Tu]
axillary sea bream [En]
pageot acarne [Fr]
aligote [Es]
spaanse zeebrasem [Ne]

Bini, G. 1967-1972. Atlante dei pesci delle Coste italiane. Mondo Sommerso, Milano, 9 vol: I, 1967, Leptocardi, Ciclostomi, Selaci, 206 pp., 66 fig. + 64 col. fig. II, 1971, Osteitti (Acipenseriformi, Clupeiformi, Mictofiformi, Anguilliformi), 300 pp., 73 col. fig. III, 1970, Notacantiformi . . . Zeiformi, 229 pp., 34 fig. + 63 col. fig. IV, 1968, Perciformi (Mugiloidei, Percoidei), 163 pp., 34 fig. + 49 col. fig. V, 1968, Perciformi (Percoidei), 175 pp., 22 fig. + 56 col. fig. VI, 1968, Perciformi (Trichiuroidei . . . Blennioidei), 177 pp., 48 fig + 57 col. fig. VII,1969, Perciformi (Ofidioidei . . . Dactilopteroidei), 196 pp., 57 fig. + 59 col. fig. VIII,1968, Pleuronettiformi, Echeniformi, Gobioesociformi, Tetraodontiformi, Lofiformi, 164 pp., 34 + 63 fig. IX, 1972, Introduzione. Parte generale. Aggiornamenti. Indici. 176 p.

Chaine, J. 1937. Recherches sur les otolithes des Poissons. . . (suite). Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, 89: pp. 1-252, 20 pl.

Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. 1828-1849. Histoire naturelle des Poissons, Paris-Strasbourg, 22 vol., 11030 pp., 621 pl. (numb. 1-650).1,1828: xvi+573 pp., pl. I-VIII [author: Cuvier]; 2, 1828: xxi+490 pp., pl. 9-40 [Cuv.: pp. 1-238, pp. 249-262, pp. 387-490; Val.: pp. 238-249, pp. 262-386]; 3 April 1829: xxiii+500 pp., pl. 41-71 [Cuvier]; 4, 1829: xxvi+518 pp., pl. 72-99 [Cuvier]; 5, 1830: xxviii+499 pp., pl. 100-140 [Cuvier]; 6, 1830: xxiv+pp.559 pp., pl. 141-169 [Val.: pp. 1-425, 493-559; Cuv.: 426-491]; 7, 1831: xxix + 531 pp., pl. 170-208 [Cuv.: 1-440; Val.: pp. 441-531]; 8, 1832: xix+509 pp., pl. 209-245 [Cuv.: pp. 1-470; Val.: pp. 471-509]; 9, 1833: xxix+512 pp., pl. 246-279 [Cuv.: pp. 1-198, pp. 330-359, pp. 372-427; Val.: pp. 199-329, pp. 359-371, pp. 429-512]; 10, 1835: xxiv+482 pp., pl. 280-306 [Val.]; 11, 1836: xx+506 pp., pl. 307-343 [Val.]; 12, 1837: xxix+507 pp., pl. 344-368 [Val.]; 13, 1839: xix+505 pp., pl. 369-388 [Val.]; 14, 1840: xxii+464 pp., pl. 389-420 [Val.]; 15, 1840: xxi + 540 pp., pl. 421-455 [Val.]; 16, 1842: xx+472 pp., pl. 456-487 [Val.]; 17, 1844: xxiii+497 pp., pl. 487-519 [Val.]; 18, 1846: xix+505 pp., pl. 520-553 [Val.]; 19, 1847: xix+544 pp., pl. 554-590 [Val.]; 20, 1847: xviii+472 pp., pl. 591-606 [Val.]; 21, 1848: xiv+536 pp., pl. 607-633 [Val.]; 22, 1849: xx+532 pp., pl. 634-650 [Val.].

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M. (collab. J. Roland), 1953-1955. Catalogue des Poissons des Côtes algériennes. Bull. Stn Aquic. Pêch. Castiglione, I (n.s.), (4), 1952 [1953]: pp. 1-135, 73 fig. n. num.; II (n.s.), (5), 1953 [1954]: pp. 1-258, 135 fig. n. num.; III (n.s.), (6), 1954 [1955]: pp. 1-384, 202 fig. n. num.

Döderlein, P. 1879-1891. Manuale Ittiologico del Mediterraneo ossia senossi metodica delle varie specie di pesci riscontrate sin qui nel Mediterraneo ed in particolare nei mari di Sicilia. Palermo, 1879-1891 (on title: '1879-1880') 5 parts: I, 1879: viii+67 pp.; II, 1881: pp. 1-120; III, 1884: pp. 121-258; IV, 1889: pp. 1-188; V, 1891: pp. 189-320.

Fowler, H. W. 1936. The Marine Fishes of West Africa, based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-1915. Bull. am. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (1), Jan. 21, 1936: pp. vii+1-606, fig. 1-275; (2), Nov. 18, 1936: pp. 607-1493, fig. 276-567.

Gaetani, D. de 1935. Uova, sviluppo embrionale e stadi post-embrionali negli Sparidi. 3. Pagellus acarne C.V. Memorie R. Com. talassogr. ital, 220: 20 p., 15 fig.

Günther, A. 1859. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. 1. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. London, pp. xxxi+524.

Lozano y Rey, L. 1952. Peces fisoclistos, Subserie Toracicos. Mems R. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. Madr., ser.: Cien. nat., Primate parte, 14: pp. xv+1-378, fig. 1-20, pl. I-XXX; Segunda parte, 14: pp. 379-705, fig. 21-31, pl. XXI-LI.

Moreau, E. 1881-1891. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: pp. I-VII+1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881: pp. 1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881: pp. 1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: pp. 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Nobre, A. 1935. Fauna marinha de Portugal. 1. Vertebrados (Mamiferos, Reptis e Peixes), Porto.: pp. Ixxxiv+1-21 (Mamiferos); pp. 1-5 (Reptis); pp. 1-574 (Peixes), pl. 1-77, phot. 1-64.

Reinboth, R. 1961. L'espèce Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich), Sparidae, existe-t-elle? Contribution à une controverse systématique. Vie Milieu, 12 (1): 105-111, 1 fig.

Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris et Strasbourg, vol. III, XVI+486 pp., 16 pl.

Sanz Echeverria, J. 1926. Datos sobre el otolito, sagitta de los peces de España. Boln R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 26 (1): pp. 145-160, 71 fig.

Sanz Echeverria, J. 1930. Investigaciones sobre otolitos de peces de España. Boln. R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 30 (3): 174-178, 1 pl.

Soljan, T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic (Ribe Jadrana). Fauna et flora adriatica 1 (revised and enlarged for the English edition), 428 pp., many unnumbered fig.

Steindachner, F. 1867. Ichthyologischer Bericht über eine nach Spanien und Portugal untermommene Reise. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 56 (1): 603-708, 8 pl.

Thomopoulos, A. 1954a. Sur quelques Ïufs planctoniques de Téléostéens de la baie de Villefranche. Bull. Inst. océanogr., Monaco, (1043): pp. 1-15, 18 fig.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: pp. i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., 392 fig. (princ. sp.), 92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

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