Author: (Pennant, 1784)

Molva dipterygia (Pennant, 1784)

Diagnosis: lower jaw projecting beyond upper one. Eye large, less than five times in head length and 1.2-1.3 in snout length. Head large, four and a half to five times in body length. First dorsal finrays 12-14, second dorsal finrays 72-84; anal finrays 70-76. Vertebrae 76-79. (In M. dipterygia macrophthalma: first dorsal finrays 10-12, second dorsal finrays 76-83; anal finrays 75-78. Vertebrae 80-84.) Colour: copper-coloured without marbling, diffuse dark mark at end of unpaired fins and all with pale edge. Size: rarely more than 130 cm SL.

Habitat: deepwater, usually 350-500 m, rarely 200 and 1,000 m. Food: crustaceans, fishes. Reproduction: spring, usually from May to beginning of June, at 500-600 to 1,000 m depth.

Distribution: north-eastern Atlantic from Iceland, western Barents Sea (occasionally), Trondheim Fjord, Skagerrak, Kattegat to Scotland, Ireland, Bay of Biscay and Morocco, also western Mediterranean. Elsewhere, western North Atlantic (rare).

Subspecies

Molva dipterygia dipterygia: Pelvic fin not extending beyond tip of pectoral fin; north-eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Ireland.
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Schmidt, 1906a: 7, pl. I (fig. 1-13); 1907a: 9, fig. 1, pl. I (fig. 5-8) | Ehrenbaum, 1909: 264, fig. 95.
Otoliths (sagitta). No data.

Molva dipterygia macrophthalma: pelvic fin extending beyond tip of pectoral fin; Faroes (one record), Ireland to Morocco and western Mediterranean.
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Schmidt, 1907a: 8, pl. I (fig. 1-4) | Ehrenbaum, 1909: 271, fig. 97 | d'Ancona, 1933: 229, fig. 214, pl. XIll (fig. 4).
Otoliths (sagitta). Sanz Echeverria, 1926: 159, fig. 65; 1935: 260, pl. XXX (fig. 5-6).

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Osteichthyes
Order Gadiformes
Family Gadidae
Genus Molva
Species Molva dipterygia

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Synonym of Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Molva dipterygia (Pennant, 1784)

Synonyms:

Molva byrkelange (Walbaum, 1792)
Molva elongata (Otto, 1821) for M. d. macrophthalma
Gadus dypterygius Pennant, 1784, Arctic Zool., 1: Ixxvi (after Müller, 1776, Gadus dipterygius, cirratus, maxilla inferiore longiore, pinnis analibus LXX).
Gadus byrkelange Walbaum, 1792, in Artedi, Gen. Pisc.: 135 (no locality).
Molva dypterygia dypterygia (Pennant, 1784)
Gadus dypterygius Pennant, 1784, loc. cit.: Ixxvi.
Gadus byrkelange Walbaum, 1792, loc. cit.: 135.
Gadus abyssorum Nilsson, 1832, Prodr. Ichth. Scand.: 46 (Oras Norvegiae occidentales boreales').
Molva abyssorum: Nilsson, 1855, 4: 577.
Molva byrkelange: Malm, 1877: 492 1 Sund, in Andersson et al., 1942, 1:191, fig. p. opp. 185.
Molua dipterygia: Smitt, 1893, 1: 521, pl. XXVI (col. fig. 3).
Molva dipterygia dipterygia: Svetovidov, 1948: 125, fig. 19, pl. V (fig. 2), pl. XXXVIII.
Molva dipterygia: Andriashev, 1954: 152, fig. 75.
Molva dypterygia: Wheeler, 1969: 286, fig.

Molva dypterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
Phycis macrophthalmus Rafinesque, 1810, Caratt. Gen. Spec. Sicil.: 26, pl. 9 (fig. 3) (Sicily).
Gadus elongatus Otto, 1821, Consp. anim. marit.: 6 ('E mari mediterraneo prope Nicaeam').
Lotta elongata: Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. Eur. mérid., 3: 217, fig. 47.
Lota elongata: Moreau, 1881, 3: 260, fig.
Molva dipterygia elongata: Svetovidov, 1948: 126, fig. 19, pl. XXXVIII, pl. LXIX
Molva elongata: Soljan, 1948: 180, fig. Dieuzeide et al., 1959: 175, fig. Tortonese, 1970: 395, fig. 153B Bini, 1970, 3: 89, col. fig.
Molva macrophthalma: Lozano Rey, 1960: 413, fig. 139a-b Wheeler, 1969: 289, fig.

Common names:

arbitan [Es]
birkelanga [Sv]
blålange [No]
blålånge [Sv]
Blauleng [De]
blue ling [En]
blauwe leng [Ne]
byrkelange [Da]
golubaya mol'va [Ru]
lingue bleue [Fr]
ingue bleue [Fr]
molva occhiona [It]
spanish ling [En]

Ancona, U. d'. 1933c. Gadidae, Berycoidei, Lampridae. In: Uova, larve e stadi giovanili di Teleostei. Fauna Flora Golfo Napoli, 38 :178-255, 280-306, fig. 167-226, 240-244, pl. XII-XV, XVII-XVIII.

Andersson, K. A., ed. 1942. Fiskar och fiske i Norden. 1, Fiskar och fiske i havet. Stockholm, xvi+540 pp., 83 col. pl., 230 fig. 2, Fiskar och Fiske i Sjör och Floder: pp. xvii-xxiv+541-1016, fig. 231-426, col. pl. 84-128. (New edition in 1954, 2: pp. 425-769, 190 fig., 42 col. pl.)

Andriashev, A. P. 1954. Ryby severnykh morei SSSR. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Moskwa-Leningrad. (English trans. 1964, Jerusalem, IPST, 617 pp., 300 fig.)

Bini, G. 1967-1972. Atlante dei pesci delle Coste italiane. Mondo Sommerso, Milano, 9 vol: I, 1967, Leptocardi, Ciclostomi, Selaci, 206 pp., 66 fig. + 64 col. fig. II, 1971, Osteitti (Acipenseriformi, Clupeiformi, Mictofiformi, Anguilliformi), 300 pp., 73 col. fig. III, 1970, Notacantiformi . . . Zeiformi, 229 pp., 34 fig. + 63 col. fig. IV, 1968, Perciformi (Mugiloidei, Percoidei), 163 pp., 34 fig. + 49 col. fig. V, 1968, Perciformi (Percoidei), 175 pp., 22 fig. + 56 col. fig. VI, 1968, Perciformi (Trichiuroidei . . . Blennioidei), 177 pp., 48 fig + 57 col. fig. VII,1969, Perciformi (Ofidioidei . . . Dactilopteroidei), 196 pp., 57 fig. + 59 col. fig. VIII,1968, Pleuronettiformi, Echeniformi, Gobioesociformi, Tetraodontiformi, Lofiformi, 164 pp., 34 + 63 fig. IX, 1972, Introduzione. Parte generale. Aggiornamenti. Indici. 176 p.

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M.; Rolaod, J. 1959. Catalogue des Poissons des côtes algériennes. II, Ostéoptérygiens, 2e éd. revue et augmentée, 299 p.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1905-1909. Eier und Larven von Fischen der Nordischen Planktons, Teil I, 1905, 4: iv + I 1-I 216 + iii, fig. 1-82; Teil II, 1909, 10: I 217-I 413, fig. 83-147.

Lozano y Rey, L. 1960. Peces fisodistos. Tercera parte. Subseries Toracicos (Ordenes Equeneiformes y Gobiformes), Pediculados y Asimetricos. Mems R. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. Madr., ser.: Cienc. nat., 14: 613 pp., 173 fig., 7 pl.

Malm, A. W. 1877. Göteborg och Bohusläns fauna. Ryggradsdjuren. Göteborg, 674 p., 9 pl.

Moreau, E. 1881-1891. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: pp. I-VII+1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881: pp. 1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881: pp. 1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: pp. 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Nilsson, S. 1832. Prodromus Ichthyologiae Scandinavicae, Lund: iv+124 p.

Nilsson, S. 1855. Skandinavisk Fauna. Fjerde Delen: Fiskarna, Lund: xxxiv+768 p.

Otto, A. W. 1821a. Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum nondum editorum. Inaug. Dissert. Vratislaviae, 20 p.

Pennant, T. 1784. Arctic zoology, London, 1:185 p.

Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. S. 1810a. Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali (principalmente di pesci) e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Palermo, 105 pp., 20 pl. (Reprint, 1967, Asher-Amsterdam.)

Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris et Strasbourg, vol. III, XVI+486 pp., 16 pl.

Sanz Echeverria, J. 1926. Datos sobre el otolito, sagitta de los peces de España. Boln R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 26 (1): pp. 145-160, 71 fig.

Sanz Echeverria, J. 1935. Otolitos de los peces gadiformes de España. Boln R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 3S (5): 245-274, pl. XXIX-XXXI.

Schmidt, E. J. 1906a. Contributions to the life history of the eel (Anguilla vulparis Flem.). Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Commn int. Explor. scient. Mer, 5 (4): pp. 137-264, pp. 267-273, 6 fig., 4 pl., 3 charts.

Schmidt, E. J. 1906c. On the pelagic post-larval stages of the lings (Molva molva (Linne) and Molva byrkelange (Walbaum)). Meddr.Kommn Havunders.,Ser.: Fisk., 2(3): 16pp., pl. I.

Schmidt, E. J. 1907a. On the post-larval development of the hake (Merluccius vulgaris Flem.). Meddr. Kommn Havunders., Ser.: Fisk., 2 (7): 10 pp., pl. I.

Schmidt, E. J. 1907b. On the post-larval development of some North Atlantic gadoids (Raniceps raninus (Linne) and Molva elongata (Risso)). Meddr. Kommn Havunders., Ser.: Fisk., 2 (8): 14 pp., I fig., pl. I.

Smitt, F. A. 1893-1895. (ed.) A history of Scandinavian fishes, Stockholm and Paris, Atlas, I, 1893, pl. i-xxvii.

Soljan, T. 1948. Fauna i flora jadrana. 1. Ribe Inst. Oceanogr. Ribarst. Jugoslavia. Zagreb, Hrvatske, 437 pp., 1350 fig.

Tortonese, E. 1970e. Osteichthyes (Pesci ossei), Parte Prima. Fauna Ital., 10, Calderini, Bologna, 565 pp., 198 fig.

Walbaum, J. J. 1792. Petri Artedi sueci genera Piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Ichthyologiae Pars III. Grypeswaldiae, [ed. II], 723 p., 3 pl.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: pp. i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., 392 fig. (princ. sp.), 92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

Svetovidov, A. N. 1948. [Gadiformes. Fauna U.S.S.R., Fishes], 9 (2): 222 pp., 39 fig., pl. I-LXXII (in Russian, transl. Jerusalem, 1962, 232 pp.).

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