(Gmelin, 1778)

Shore Sea Urchin

Description
Test rather depressed, often subpentagonal in circumference; up to 50 mm in horizontal diameter. Colour greenish, both the test and spines, but the point of the spines usually violet.

Test
Apical system rather small. Buccal membrane usually closely packed with thick plates, which bear numerous pedicellariae, but no spines. Three pore pairs in each ambulacral plate (P. miliaris test).

Spines
Test closely set with spines of nearly equal size, the primary series not very conspicuous. On the naked test, however, the series of primary spines are fairly distinct. There is a primary spine on every ambulacral plate.

Pedicellariae
Globiferous pedicellariae small, usually very numerous, with outer parts of the blade rather broad and open. The edges thin and not connected by cross beams on the inside. A series of teeth along each side of the blade (P. miliaris pedicellaria). Tridentate pedicellariae rather coarse, with broad, leaf-shaped blades.

Habitat
It is essentially a littoral form, but is found till depths of 100 m.

Distribution
In the North Sea, the species is common around all coasts. Elsewhere it is distributed from Iceland to Morocco and the Azores, but it is not found in the Mediterranean. It does not occur at Greenland or at the Atlantic coast of America.

Remark
This species can form hybrids with Echinus esculentus. It can be confused with Paracentrotus lividus and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Echinoidea
Order Diadematoidea
Family Echinidae
Genus Psammechinus
Species miliaris

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Echinus miliaris P.L.S. Müller, 1766
Parechinus miliaris Mortensen, 1903

Vernacular name
Shore Sea Urchin (English)

Mortensen, T.H., 1927. Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press: 471 pp.

Moyse, J. & P.A. Tyler, 1990. Echinodermata. In: P.J. Hayward & J.S. Ryland (eds): The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North- West Europe, Volume 2, Molluscs to Chordates. Clarendon Press, Oxford: 839-871.

Picton, B.E., 1993. A field guide to the shallow-water Echinoderms of the British Isles. Immel Publishing: 96 pp.

You can continue searching for Psammechinus miliaris on one of these Web sites:

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